A class that is used to traverse through the objects maintained by a container class. There are five categories of iterators: input iterators, output
iterators, forward iterators, bidirectional iterators, random access. An iterator is an entity that gives access to the contents of a container object
without violating encapsulation constraints. Access to the contents is granted on a one-at-a-time basis in order. The order can be storage order (as in lists
and queues) or some arbitrary order (as in array indices) or according to some ordering relation (as in an ordered binary tree). The iterator is a construct,
which provides an interface that, when called, yields either the next element in the container, or some value denoting the fact that there are no more
elements to examine. Iterators hide the details of access to and update of the elements of a container class.
The simplest and safest iterators are those that permit read-only access to the contents of a container class.
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